Utilization rate of active material

The recorded curves depicting the variations of voltage, current, capacity, and other parameters over time during the charging or discharging process of a battery.

"Over voltage is a state where the battery voltage exceeds the manufacturer's/supplier's rated values or specified conditions. Over voltage can disrupt the normal functioning of the battery and/or lead to hazardous incidents.Note: When discussing electrodes, it is referred to as overpotential."

Discharge multiplier is a measure of the speed of discharge, which refers to the value of the current required for a battery to discharge its rated capacity within a specified time period. (It is numerically equal to a multiple of the rated capacity of the battery, i.e., "discharge current/rated capacity of the battery = discharge multiplier", usually denoted by the letter C.) Similarly, the charging multiplier is a measure of the speed of charging, i.e., "charging current/rated battery capacity = charging multiplier.")

The ratio of the power output of a battery to its volume. Also known as "volume power density."

Electrode polarization caused by ohmic resistance when current passes through the electrode or electrolyte.

The voltage between the two terminals of the battery during discharge.